Can you get pregnant without having a period in months? Yes, it’s possible, but it’s not likely. Your period is the most obvious sign that your body’s reproductive system is at least trying to operate. It marks the end of one menstrual cycle. The female reproductive system is complex, but here is a quick and simple breakdown of what happens every month (if you’re getting your periods).
- At the start of your monthly cycle, specific hormones tell your ovaries to start developing an egg. The egg, or oocyte, is contained inside a follicle. This follicle is like a tiny bubble. It contains fluid, nutrients, and an immature egg.
- For the first half of your cycle (about 12 to 14 days), the hormones stimulate the follicle and egg to grow. Eventually, the egg reaches maturity.
- Halfway through your cycle (at about day 14, though this can vary). the follicle bursts open, and the egg is released from the ovary. This is called ovulation. The egg only lives for 12 to 24 hours.
- For the second half of your cycle (days 15 to 25, approximately), after ovulation, the hormone progesterone triggers the lining of your uterus to prepare for a fertilized egg or embryo. The lining of the uterus is called the endometrium. During this time, the endometrium will build up, becoming thicker and changing its physiological structure to be just right for an embryo.
What happens next depends on whether you have had sexual intercourse within five days of ovulation. If you have, there may be sperm waiting in the reproductive system. Sperm can survive in the female reproductive system for up to five days. Sexual intercourse on the actual day of ovulation, and even the day after, can also lead to conception. If a sperm cell fertilizes the egg, you will become pregnant.
If you conceived, an embryo will implant itself into the uterine lining between seven and 10 days after ovulation. This will trigger different hormones to prepare the body to nurture a pregnancy.
if you didn’t conceive, the hormone progesterone will begin to drop. Lowering levels of progesterone will eventually signal the endometrium to break down and expel itself. This is your period. As the endometrium is expelled, your body starts releasing hormones to trigger the next month’s ovulation, assuming you’re having regular cycles. Your period marks the ending of one cycle.
If you get your period, it is likely (but not certain) that you ovulated within the past two weeks. Ovulation is required to get pregnant. If you’re getting your periods regularly, you are most likely ovulating regularly.
Why You May Not Be Getting Your Period
The medical term for a lack of menstrual cycles is amenorrhea. It can have many causes.
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
Also known as premature ovarian failure, primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) can cause irregular or absent periods. Sometimes, a person with POI will go months or even years without a period, only to have them restart without explanation. POI also used to be called “early menopause,”
PCOS
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of female infertility. One of the primary symptoms of PCOS is irregular or absent periods.
Hormonal Imbalance
While PCOS and POI can cause ovulation problems, so can other hormonal conditions. A thyroid imbalance, endometriosis, an underlying untreated medical condition (like diabetes), and hyperprolactinemia can lead to irregular or absent periods.
Uterine Problems
Structural problems or scarring of the uterus can cause your periods to be irregular or stop completely. This may occur after a dilation and curettage (D&C) or uterine surgery.
Breastfeeding
Exclusively breastfeeding a baby can prevent your periods from coming. How long will you go without a period when breastfeeding? It depends on how often you are breastfeeding and your personal biology.
Birth Control
Some forms of birth control can stop your periods. If you want to try to conceive, how long it will take for your periods to return after you stop taking the birth control depends on your body and your contraception choice. Birth control isn’t the only medication that can stop your periods. Other medications that may stop your cycles include some psychiatric drugs, chemotherapy, allergy medications, and blood pressure pills.
Obesity
Obesity is one of the most common causes of infertility. Women who are obese may experience irregular menstrual cycles and, in some cases, their periods may stop completely. Losing weight may restart or regulate your cycles.
Underweight
With obesity, too much fat throws off the normal hormonal balance in the body. If you are underweight, the lack of fat can throw your reproductive cycle off. If this is the problem, bringing your weight up should restart your cycles.
Exercise or Lack of Body Fat
You may be an athlete who is neither over- nor underweight (based on body mass index). However, it’s not your weight that really impacts your reproductive cycle — it’s the amount of fat.
Athletes may have a high percentage of muscle and a low percentage of body fat. This can cause their menstrual cycles to be irregular or even stop completely. Excessive exercise can also cause your periods to become irregular or stop.
Stress
Stress can cause you to skip a period or two. However, it’s highly unusual for stress alone to cause your menstrual cycle to stop for months.
Conclusion
If you have had regular periods, and then suddenly stop getting your period, you may be pregnant. This is likely the first thing you thought of when your period was late, and you have likely already taken a pregnancy test. however, if you are not pregnant then it’s likely one of the above reasons causing the irregular menstruation. Whether married or single, irregular menstruation is a cause to worry as it proves that something isn’t right with the reproductive system.
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